Most modern western musical styles can trace their heritage back to what we now know as Gregorian Chant or Plainchant. These sacred songs defined early Christianity and laid the foundation for nearly two thousand years of musical evolution. But what exactly is Gregorian Chant? Here are some interesting facts to get you interested in this early form of music.
What is the difference between plainchant and Gregorian Chant?
There isn't much of a difference between the two. Plainchant is used to describe the original chant melodies sung by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church prior to the reign of Pope Gregory I in the late sixth century. Most plainchant melodies accompanied words from the Bible, usually the Psalms. Over the centuries, the liturgy (the church's playlist, so to speak) became cluttered with variations and non standard chants that were confusing to both worshipers and the clergy themselves. Pope Gregory attempted to standardize the church liturgy, refine it, and write it down so that Catholics all over the world would worship the same way. From this point onward plainchant became known as Gregorian Chant in his honor.
How did Gregorian Chant differ from other non-sacred music of the time period?
Gregorian chant and plainchant were unaccompanied. The only instrument allowed in the churches of that period was the human voice. Outside of the church however, secular (non-religious) musicians used basic string instruments such as the lute to accompany popular secular melodies. These secular melodies were usually not written down whereas Gregorian Chant melodies were.
How was Gregorian Chant used in church services of the day?
Another of Pope Gregory's edicts set forth a set of religious services called the church offices. These Office Services took place throughout the day and night and consisted of the simplest chant melodies. Other chant melodies for special occasions such as Christmas or Easter were quite elaborate, with the more difficult singing parts given to more advanced singers who often became local celebrities.
Is Gregorian Chant Still Used In The Church?
In the Roman Catholic Church, yes. The many other denominations of Christianity that have come about since Martin Luther's split with the Catholic Church have kept pieces of the chant melodies such as the offertory and doxology as well as several others. In general however, most modern, non-Catholic denominations of Christianity have evolved away from Gregorian Chant into the more modern styles of religious hymns.
Isn't Gregorian Chant Boring?
All chant, until around 860 A.D. consisted of a single, unharmonized line of music. It was not until the invention of polyphonic music known as organum that simple harmonies began to be included in the chants. Even so, these solemn, slow melodies and rhythms are considered by many people to be very soothing and meditative. These chant melodies have enjoyed a resurgence of late with several recent releases, such as those by the Benedictine Monks of Santa Domingo gaining wide spread appeal across the globe.
